Condensation over a cold liquid free surface involves exposing humid air to a cold liquid's surface, allowing water vapor to condense directly onto the liquid and form droplets. This approach is advantageous because it provides a large, open surface area for condensation while maintaining consistent cooling through the liquid medium. By circulating the cold liquid in a controlled system, this process can efficiently collect atmospheric moisture even in areas with varying humidity levels. It's particularly effective when the cooling liquid is maintained at an optimal temperature and when the surrounding air is naturally humid. The condensed water can be easily collected from the surface and processed for potable use. By adjusting the cooling temperature, flow rate, and surface area, the method can be adapted to various climates and applications, providing a flexible and sustainable solution for freshwater generation.

Condensation over solid surfaces is a method that uses surface cooling to harvest moisture directly from the atmosphere. By reducing the temperature of a solid surface below the dew point, this technique causes water vapor to condense into liquid droplets. The droplets can then be collected and stored as freshwater. This process works effectively in a variety of climates and doesn't rely on saline or contaminated water sources, making it an invaluable tool for arid regions. Different surface materials, coatings, and cooling systems are used to maximize condensation rates, depending on the specific environmental conditions. The method is versatile, as it can be integrated into various systems ranging from rooftop collectors to portable water-gathering devices. Despite its simplicity, condensation over solid surfaces requires careful control of surface temperature and design to optimize water yield. When implemented efficiently, it provides a sustainable, decentralized water source.

Condensation through a fluid medium captures water from the atmosphere by using a liquid that has a significantly lower temperature than the surrounding air. Air passes through the cooled fluid, which causes the water vapor within it to condense rapidly and efficiently. This fluid can be a refrigerant or any other cooled liquid that remains at a temperature below the dew point of the air. The water collected from this condensation is then separated from the fluid medium, which is recirculated to maintain consistent cooling. This method is effective in regions with high humidity levels and is ideal for large-scale water collection because it can be automated and monitored to optimize yield. Despite its reliance on energy-intensive cooling, recent advancements in sustainable energy can power the system in an eco-friendly manner. Overall, this technique offers a versatile solution to the challenge of water scarcity.